International Consensus Statement on Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Adolescents with Attention/Hyperactivity Disorder and Concurrent Substance Use Disorders (Gonzalez, 2022)

Özgen Heval Spijkerman Renske Noack Moritz Holtmann Martin Schellekens Arnt S. A. van de Glind Geurt Banaschewski Tobias Barta Csaba Begeman Alex Casas Miguel Crunelle Cleo L. Blanco Constanza Daigre Dalsgaard Søren Demetrovics Zsolt den Boer Jacomine Dom Geert Eapen Valsamma Faraone Stephen V. Franck Johan González Rafael A. Grau-López Lara Groenman Annabeth P. Hemphälä Malin Icick Romain Johnson Brian Kaess Michael Kapitány-Fövény Máté Kasinathan John G. Kaye Sharlene S. Kiefer Falk Konstenius Maija Levin Frances R. Luderer Mathias Martinotti Giovanni Matthys Frieda I. A. Meszaros Gergely Moggi Franz Munasur-Naidoo Ashmita P. Post Marianne Rabinovitz Sharon Ramos-Quiroga J. Antoni Sala Regina Shafi Abu Slobodin Ortal Staal Wouter G. Thomasius Rainer Truter Ilse van Kernebeek Michiel W. Velez-Pastrana Maria C. Vollstädt-Klein Sabine Vorspan Florence Young Jesse T. Yule Amy van den Brink Wim Hendriks Vincent. 

Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie 2022;50(1): 54-67. 

Available online at this link  (Paper is written in German)

Background: Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a risk factor for substance misuse and substance use disorder (SUD) in adolescence and (early) adulthood. ADHD and SUD also frequently co-occur in treatment-seeking adolescents, which complicates diagnosis and treatment and is associated with poor treatment outcomes. Research on the effect of treatment of childhood ADHD on the prevention of adolescent SUD is inconclusive, and studies on the diagnosis and treatment of adolescents with ADHD and SUD are scarce. Thus, the available evidence is generally not sufficient to justify robust treatment recommendations. Objective: The aim of the study was to obtain a consensus statement based on a combination of scientific data and clinical experience. Method: A modified Delphi study to reach consensus based upon the combination of scientific data and clinical experience with a multidisciplinary group of 55 experts from 17 countries. The experts were asked to rate a set of statements on the effect of treatment of childhood ADHD on adolescent SUD and on the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of adolescents with comorbid ADHD and SUD.